Mahurni's Example of Recommendation letter

To Whom It May Concern:

Mahurni is one of English Department students. I have known him since he took my classes. During the classes and based on the my observation, I would say that he appears himself as a diligent student seen from his current cumulative GPA of 3.72 out of 4.00 which is quite understanding mark.

He is very active in class discussion and presentation; he is also active in asking, analyzing current issues, questioning, and criticizing the topic given to him. His English skill is very good because he always train himself through organization in which can improve his English such as a president in argUMent - English Debating Community and a member of Kan Guru Australia. He also tries to communicate in English with his friends inside and outside the class.

As his lecturer of English Department, I strongly recommend him for this program and I believe after he gets this precious experience of joining this program, he will give good feedbacks to the faculty, his friends as well as to his own society.

TOEFL & Essay

The way to master TOEFL

Mahurni’s way of mastering TOEFL

a. Recognize the directions & directly focus on the questions when taking test. It will makes you familiar with the directions for each of the questions types.

b. Learning the how to excel answering any parts of TOEFL Test. Such as, skimming and scanning in reading test.

c. Use English in your everyday life; of course it will expand your knowledge.

1. Listening: recognize the topic of the conversations or talks.

a. Conversations/talks 1: only one person

b. Talks 2: between two person

c. Talks 3: lecture in any-topics

2. Grammar and written expressions: learn grammar deeply.

3. Reading: previewing for main idea or skimming (for main), use contexts for vocabulary, scanning for details (specific info), making inferences (logical conclusion based on the evidence. It can be about the passage itself or about the author’s viewpoint, locating references (such as, it refers to vibrant, etc) and identifying exceptions (use scanning in it).

Take a moment to understanding these.

In this box please tell us about your personal life and your family. THIS STATEMENT IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR APPLICATION – Please use additional papers if necessary. I

PERSONAL STATEMENT: Write a clear and detailed description of your reason why you would like to participate in this English study program; explain how IELSP fits with your previous education/training and your future objectives. This statement should not be a mere listing of facts and should include information about your background education, practical experience, special interests, and your purpose in applying to studying English in the United States. You may also choose to describe any significant influences on your personal and educational development. THIS STATEMENT IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR APPLICATION – Please use additional papers if necessary

In this box please write what you think are the most pressing issues faced by our country (Indonesia), and describe what role you would like to play in addressing those issues. Note: Please limit your response to the size of this text box. Anything over this size will not display or print on your submitted application.

What are your long term career aspirations? What skills do you need to achieve these objectives? Please use additional papers if necessary.

On the global world today, many people try to get anything they want even in which it is forbidden involving. In terms of my career inspiration, for many years since I was at Junior High School wanted to be a Lecturer or rector or mainly educator in my down town, especially in my village. This is because every-body knows that education is the way to improve human resources index. Based on where I come from, I am coming from a small village where many people do not get enough educated as I am. In terms of my career inspirations

Name: Mahurni

Class : V B Ekstensi

NIM : E1D 108 020

Task : Mid-Term Syntax

 

Question:

 

1. What are the importances of basic construction?
2. What sorts of suffixes are used in the transitivition of Indonesian one place verbs?
3. Using Hanafi’s syntactic test, find some Indonesian accusative and unergative.
4. Identify some grammatical relation in the abnormal promotion.
5. Explain the process of oblique promotion to S.

 

Answer:

 

1. The Important of basic contraction are:
a. To emphasize the role of meaning in a language, the meaning of the lexical items and grammatical items.

b. To know the basic unit of the language, and therefore the construction should be the central to all linguistic description and theories of language.

c. To know the form of meaning or a function connected with that form; thus the meaning in form is meaning pair.

d. To know the identification of subject or object of sentences.

2. Sorts of suffixes in the transitivitation of Indonesian are:

            a. Suffixes of – Kan

      Function as imperative to form a transitive verb. Example: Bungkukkan, Acungkan.

      Function to form a meaning “to do something” if it is combined with verb. Example: Ambilkan, Mandikan, etc.

      If it is combined with adjective, functioning meaning as “ membuat jadi”. Example: Damaikan.

      Function to form “meaning” if it is combined with a noun. Example: Gudangkan, Sabukkan, etc.

b. Suffixes of – i

      The function of i      is to form imperative verb, example: duduki,  terangi, and to form transitive verb, mean to make it. Example: tulisi.

3. Hanafi’s syntactic test in Indonesian unaccusative and unergative are:

            a. Unaccusative:

      Mahurni  memakan  kacang

                        Agent          Pred            O

                        Kacang dimakan = Unaccusative

 

      Ayu nina meloloskan ibu tirinya.

                          S                    Pred        O

                        Ibu tirinya lolos = Unaccusative

 

      Budi  menghilangkan  bajunya.

                            S         Pred                     O

                        Baju Hilang = Unaccusative     

           

            b. Unergative:

                        Bapak  mengelilingi  Eropa

                            S            Pred             O

                        Keliling Eropa= Unergative

                        Abdurrahim  mengendarai  mobil

                        S Pred O

                        Kendaraan mobil = Unreagative

 

4. Some grammatical relations in the abnormal promotions. We find some grammatical relation, they are:

      Grammatical Relations

•   Subject

–              Sam ate a sandwich.

–              A sandwich was eaten by Sam.

•   Direct object

–              Sam ate a sandwich.

–              Sue gave Sam a book.

–              Sue gave a book to Sam.

•   Others that we will define later

      Grammatical Relations in Grammar Formalisms

•               Tree Adjoining Grammar:

–              Subject is defined structurally: first NP daughter under S

–              Object is defined structurally: NP that is a sister to V

–              But TAG output can be mapped to a dependency grammar tree that includes subject and object.

•               Categorial Grammar:

–              Grammatical relations are defined structurally if at all.

•               Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar:

–              Subject is defined indirectly as the first element on the verb’s subcategorization list.

•               Lexical Functional Grammar:

–              Grammatical relations are labelled explicitly in a feature structure. 

      Motivation for Grammatical Relations: Subject-Verb Agreement

–        Sam likes sandwiches.

–        *Sam like sandwiches.

–        The boys like sandwiches.

–        *The boys likes sandwiches.

•         Hypothesis 1: The verb agrees with the agent.

•         Hypothesis 2: The verb agrees with the first NP.

•         Hypothesis 3: The verb agrees with the NP that is a sister of VP.

•         Hypothesis 4: The verb agrees with the subject.

–        Vacuous unless we have a definition or test for subjecthood.

      Checking the hypotheses

 

•         Hypothesis 1:

–        Can you think of a counterexample in English?

•         Hypothesis 2:

–        Can you think of a counterexample in English?

–        Can you think of a counterexample in another language that has subject-verb agreeement?

•         (not Japanese or Chinese

Some Definitions

•         Case marking: different word form depending on the grammatical relation:

–        She ate a sandwich.  (nominative case marking: subject)

–        *Her ate a sandwich.

–        Sam saw her. (accusative or objective case marking: object)

–        *Sam saw she.

•         Ergative case marking:

–        Marks the subject, but only if the verb is transitive (has a direct object).

•         Absolutive case marking:

–        Marks the subject, but only if the verb is intransitive.

–        Also marks the direct object.

•         English has nominative and accusative case markers on pronouns.

•         English does not have ergative or absolutive case marking.

      Possible word orders in Warlpiri that are not possible in English

•         *The two small are chasing that children dog.

•         *The two small are dog chasing that children.

•         *Chasing are the two small that dog children.

•         *That are children chasing the two small dog.

 

In addition, according to (Hanafi, Nurachman, 2010, Grammatical relation in abnormal promotion), they are:

      Intransitive

In intransitive, S will be changed to be O and oblique change as a Subject (S). to make it clear, we can see the example below:

a.       Rudi bangkrut karena kebakaran.

The sentence above is one of cause-effect sentence because the sentence is marked by ‘karena’, so the will be ‘Kebakaran merugikan Rudi’ this is because by deleting ‘karena’ and add circumfix ‘me-kan’ to change S as O and Obl. as S.

-         Transitive

In transitive, S will be changed to be DO and oblique become a Subject (S), for example:

 

a.       Sanusi  menggantung hidup ke anaknya

   S            V           O    Obl:source

b.      Sanusi  mengantungi hidunya ke Anakanyt.

   S             act. Appl   DO                 IO

5. The process of oblique promotion to S are:

Before explaining regarding to the process of oblique promotion to S, we need to comprehend to the examples below:

1. Lilik menjajak dagangannya ke pasar

         S          V1                   O       Obl: dest

2. Lilik    menjajak-i      dagangan pasar

         S      ACT.visit-APPL         O

3. Pasar tempat lilik jajaki dagangan

         S                pass apl

From the example above, we know the process of oblique promotion S, they are:

a.       By adding circumfix “me-i” and delete preposition/ Obl. (ke, dari, dengan, dll)

b.      Move the previous S to be O and the word ‘menjajaki’ changed to be ‘dijajaki’ in passive form.